Grid Burden
Who pays when private expansion becomes public infrastructure demand.
→ Public Cost · → Human Impact · → Market Pressure · → Disclosure Gap
U.S. residential benchmark: +34.2% (2017–2025, EIA retail-sales). States are scored against this.
Texas
ERCOTElevated correlationTexas residential rates moved +40.5% (2017–2025) vs the U.S. +34.2%; ~81 data-center facilities sit within the state extent (heuristic count). Correlation only — not a causal claim about who funds grid upgrades.
Evidence basis: EIA retail-sales residential price, 2017–2025 (15.47 cents per kilowatt-hour); U.S. benchmark +34.2%; DC count via bounding-box heuristic over curated + OSM facilities.
Ohio
PJMModerate correlationOhio residential rates moved +34.3% (2017–2025) vs the U.S. +34.2%; ~75 data-center facilities sit within the state extent (heuristic count). Correlation only — not a causal claim about who funds grid upgrades.
Evidence basis: EIA retail-sales residential price, 2017–2025 (16.96 cents per kilowatt-hour); U.S. benchmark +34.2%; DC count via bounding-box heuristic over curated + OSM facilities.
Virginia
PJMModerate correlationVirginia residential rates moved +32.3% (2017–2025) vs the U.S. +34.2%; ~295 data-center facilities sit within the state extent (heuristic count). Correlation only — not a causal claim about who funds grid upgrades.
Evidence basis: EIA retail-sales residential price, 2017–2025 (15.28 cents per kilowatt-hour); U.S. benchmark +34.2%; DC count via bounding-box heuristic over curated + OSM facilities.
Arizona
WECC (AZ)BaselineArizona residential rates moved +23.2% (2017–2025) vs the U.S. +34.2%; ~28 data-center facilities sit within the state extent (heuristic count). Correlation only — not a causal claim about who funds grid upgrades.
Evidence basis: EIA retail-sales residential price, 2017–2025 (15.32 cents per kilowatt-hour); U.S. benchmark +34.2%; DC count via bounding-box heuristic over curated + OSM facilities.
DC counts are an approximate bounding-box heuristic over curated + OpenStreetMap facilities, not precise in-state attribution (STASI F3). FERC rate-case filings and news coverage are below (Phase 2a). The allocation finding (who pays) is Phase 2b — gated on legal authorization. Aggregator, not author.
Research context - national scale
U.S. data centers consumed 176 TWh in 2023 — about 4.4% of total U.S. electricity. Projected to reach 325–580 TWh by 2028 (6.7–12% of U.S. electricity). Between 2017 and 2023, data-center power demand more than doubled, largely due to growth in AI servers.
FERC rate-case filings
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission proceedings naming data-center load, cost allocation, or large-load interconnection — surfaced verbatim from the official regulations.gov federal docket API. Aggregator, not author: we surface the filing, we do not characterize the finding.
Tier 1 · Primary record·66 dockets backfilled·2023-06-21 → 2026-06-09·FERC via regulations.gov, verbatim
as of Jun 17, 2026·FERC dockets via regulations.gov
as of Jun 20, 2026·FERC / regulations.gov + GDELT, live query
- Motion for Extension of Time to Comply: Building for the Future through Electric Regional Transmission Planning and Cost Allocation2026-06-09 · regulations.gov ↗
- Staff Attendance: North American Electric Reliability Corp. Emerging Large Loads Technical Conference2026-02-20 · regulations.gov ↗
- Building for the Future Through Electric Regional Transmission Planning and Cost Allocation2025-04-28 · regulations.gov ↗
Finding · In this order, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission addresses arguments raised on rehearing, grants clarification, in part, and denies clarification, in part, of Order No. 1920-A, which addressed arguments raised on rehearing of, set aside, in part, and clarified Order No. 1920. Order No. 1920 required transmission providers, inter alia, to conduct Long-Term Regional Transmission Planning to ensure the identification, evaluation, and selection, as w…
- Building for the Future through Electric Regional Transmission Planning and Cost Allocation2024-12-06 · regulations.gov ↗
Finding · In this order, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission addresses arguments raised on rehearing, sets aside, in part, and clarifies Order No. 1920, which required transmission providers to conduct Long-Term Regional Transmission Planning to ensure the identification, evaluation, and selection, as well as the allocation of the costs, of more efficient or cost-effective regional transmission solutions to address Long-Term Transmission Needs. Order No. 192…
- Meetings; Sunshine Act2024-11-19 · regulations.gov ↗
- Large Loads Co-Located at Generating Facilities2024-11-15 · regulations.gov ↗
- Hearings, Meetings, Proceedings, etc.: Large Loads Co-Located at Generating Facilities; Commissioner-Led Technical Conference2024-11-01 · regulations.gov ↗
- Privacy Act; Systems of Records2024-11-01 · regulations.gov ↗
- Supplemental Review of the Oil Pipeline Index Level2024-10-23 · regulations.gov ↗
- Hearings, Meetings, Proceedings, etc.: Large Loads Co-Located at Generating Facilities; Technical Conference2024-10-18 · regulations.gov ↗
- Supply Chain Risk Management Reliability Standards2024-10-01 · regulations.gov ↗
- Critical Infrastructure Protection Reliability Standard: Cyber Security—Internal Network Security Monitoring2024-09-27 · regulations.gov ↗
- Hearings, Meetings, Proceedings, etc.: Large Loads Co-Located at Generating Facilities; Commissioner-Led Technical Conference2024-09-17 · regulations.gov ↗
- Hearings, Meetings, Proceedings, etc.: Innovations and Efficiencies in Generator Interconnection, et al.; Workshop2024-09-10 · regulations.gov ↗
- Technical Conference: Large Loads Co-Located at Generating Facilities; Supplemental2024-08-23 · regulations.gov ↗
- Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposals, Submissions, and Approvals2024-08-20 · regulations.gov ↗
- Hearings, Meetings, Proceedings, etc.: Innovations and Efficiencies in Generator Interconnection; Workshop2024-08-20 · regulations.gov ↗
- Hearings, Meetings, Proceedings, etc.: Large Loads Co-Located at Generating Facilities; Technical Conference2024-08-09 · regulations.gov ↗
FERC orders — Federal Register
FERC orders published to the Federal Register — keyless public API (federalregister.gov), filtered for cost allocation, interconnection, and large-load terms. Title and abstract verbatim; aggregator, not author.
Source: Federal Register (federalregister.gov) · cadence: daily · asOf: 2026-06-18
- Increasing Market and Planning Efficiency Through Improved Software; Notice of Technical Conference: Increasing Market and Planning Efficiency Through Improved Software2026-04554 · 2026-03-09 · federalregister.gov ↗
- Meeting the Challenge of Resource Adequacy in Regional Transmission Organization and Independent System Operator Regions; Third Supplemental Notice of Commissioner-Led Technical Conference2025-10353 · 2025-06-06 · federalregister.gov ↗
- Interregional Transfer Capability Study: Strengthening Reliability Through the Energy Transformation2024-30493 · 2024-12-27 · federalregister.gov ↗
- Building for the Future Through Electric Regional Transmission Planning and Cost Allocation2024-27982 · 2024-12-06 · federalregister.gov ↗
In this order, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission addresses arguments raised on rehearing, sets aside, in part, and clarifies Order No. 1920, which required transmission providers to conduct Long-Term Regional Transmission Planning to ensure the identification, evaluation, and selection, as well as the allocation of the costs, of more efficient or cost-effective regional transmission solutions to address Long-Term Transmission Needs. Order No. 1920 also directed other reforms to improve coordination of regional transmission planning and generator interconnection processes, require consideration of certain alternative transmission technologies in regional transmission planning processes, and improve transparency of local transmission planning processes and coordination between regional and local transmission planning processes.
- Compensation for Reactive Power Within the Standard Power Factor Range2024-24528 · 2024-11-26 · federalregister.gov ↗
In this final determination, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Commission) finds that allowing transmission providers to charge transmission customers for a generating facility's provision of reactive power within the standard power factor range is unjust and unreasonable. The Commission, therefore, is revising Schedule 2 of its pro forma open-access transmission tariff (OATT), section 9.6.3 of its pro forma large generator interconnection agreement (LGIA), and section 1.8.2 of its pro forma small generator interconnection agreement (SGIA) to prohibit the inclusion in transmission rates of any charges related to the provision of reactive power within the standard power factor range by generating facilities.
- Building for the Future Through Electric Regional Transmission Planning and Cost Allocation2024-10872 · 2024-06-11 · federalregister.gov ↗
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Commission) revises the pro forma Open Access Transmission Tariff (OATT) to remedy deficiencies in the Commission's existing regional and local transmission planning and cost allocation requirements. In this final order, the Commission requires transmission providers to conduct Long- Term Regional Transmission Planning that will ensure the identification, evaluation, and selection, as well as the allocation of the costs, of more efficient or cost-effective regional transmission solutions to address Long-Term Transmission Needs. The Commission also directs other reforms to improve coordination of regional transmission planning and generator interconnection processes, require consideration of certain alternative transmission technologies in regional transmission planning processes, and improve transparency of local transmission planning processes and coordination between regional and local transmission planning processes. These reforms are intended to ensure that existing regional and local transmission planning and cost allocation requirements are just, reasonable, and not unduly discriminatory or preferential.
- Applications for Permits To Site Interstate Electric Transmission Facilities2024-10879 · 2024-05-29 · federalregister.gov ↗
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission amends its regulations governing applications for permits to site electric transmission facilities under the Federal Power Act, as amended by the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021, and amends its National Environmental Policy Act procedures.
- Improvements to Generator Interconnection Procedures and Agreements2024-06563 · 2024-04-16 · federalregister.gov ↗
In this order, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission addresses arguments raised on rehearing, sets aside, in part, and clarifies Order No. 2023, which amended the Commission's regulations and its pro forma Large Generator Interconnection Procedures, pro forma Large Generator Interconnection Agreement, pro forma Small Generator Interconnection Procedures, and pro forma Small Generator Interconnection Agreement to address interconnection queue backlogs, improve certainty, and prevent undue discrimination for new technologies.
- Accounting and Reporting Treatment of Certain Renewable Energy Assets2023-14994 · 2023-10-05 · federalregister.gov ↗
In this final rule, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Commission or FERC) is amending the Uniform System of Accounts (USofA) for public utilities and licensees to: create new accounts for wind, solar, and other renewable generating assets; create a new functional class for energy storage accounts; codify the accounting treatment of environmental credits; and create new accounts within existing functions for computer hardware, software, and communication equipment. We also amend the relevant FERC forms to accommodate these changes.
- Improvements to Generator Interconnection Procedures and Agreements2023-16628 · 2023-09-06 · federalregister.gov ↗
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Commission or FERC) is adopting reforms to its pro forma Large Generator Interconnection Procedures, pro forma Small Generator Interconnection Procedures, pro forma Large Generator Interconnection Agreement, and pro forma Small Generator Interconnection Agreement to address interconnection queue backlogs, improve certainty, and prevent undue discrimination for new technologies. The reforms are intended to ensure that the generator interconnection process is just, reasonable, and not unduly discriminatory or preferential.
Cost-allocation proceedings — news coverage
GDELT DOC 2.0 — public-domain live news index. Verbatim headlines and links only; we surface the coverage, we do not characterize the outcome.
No cost-allocation proceedings surfaced right now (the live news source may be rate-limited). No placeholder records are shown — this surface only renders real items (LAW 1).
Direct docket ingestion pending: Virginia SCC rate-case dockets (HTML portal — honest stub) · Texas PUC Interchange filings (SPA — honest stub). These public records exist but their portals are WAF/SPA-walled with no sanctioned structured API; they are honest stubs (no fabricated dockets, no scraping around a bot wall) and go live when a sanctioned access path exists.
How the industry can do betterBEI · Better Standard
Independent cost-allocation studies commissioned by public utility commissions — not facility developers — before rate cases are filed. Transparent projection of residential rate impact before interconnection agreements are signed. Ratepayer representation in FERC proceedings addressing large-load cost allocation, with adequate notice and plain-language summaries of what the proceeding means for residential bills.
Methodology & right of reply: rates are EIA primary-source residential series; data-center counts are an approximate bounding-box heuristic, not precise attribution. Bands describe CORRELATION (AI load present alongside above-benchmark rate growth), never causation — who actually funds grid upgrades is decided in FERC/PUC cost-allocation orders (tracked separately). Any state, utility, or operator may contest an input via research@brinley.institute; corrections with a public-record citation are published.